An Evaluation of School-Based Sexual Health Education Programs in Benue State
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Background of the Study
Sexual health education in schools is an essential component of adolescent health and well-being. In Nigeria, where early sexual debut, unprotected sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain prevalent, providing young people with accurate information on reproductive health is vital (WHO, 2024). Benue State, like many others in Nigeria, has seen a rise in teenage pregnancies and STIs, which can be attributed to a lack of proper sexual health education among adolescents (Adebayo & Salami, 2024).
School-based sexual health education programs aim to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health. These programs often focus on topics such as puberty, contraception, HIV prevention, and the consequences of early sexual activity (Ogunbanjo & Bello, 2024). Despite the national emphasis on sex education, the impact of these programs in Benue State is not well-documented. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based sexual health education programs in improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sexual health among adolescents in the state.
Statement of the Problem
While sexual health education programs have been introduced in schools across Nigeria, the effectiveness of these initiatives in reducing teenage pregnancies, STIs, and unsafe sexual behaviors remains unclear, particularly in Benue State. Early sexual activity, lack of contraception knowledge, and cultural stigmas about discussing sexual health contribute to the persistence of these issues (Adebayo & Salami, 2024).
This study seeks to explore how school-based sexual health education programs in Benue State have affected students' knowledge and sexual behaviors, and to identify challenges that hinder the full implementation of such programs.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of sexual health knowledge among students in Benue State.
- To evaluate the impact of school-based sexual health education on sexual behaviors among adolescents.
- To identify barriers to the effective implementation of sexual health education in schools.
Research Questions
- What is the level of sexual health knowledge among adolescents in Benue State?
- How do school-based sexual health education programs influence students' sexual behaviors?
- What challenges affect the implementation and effectiveness of sexual health education programs in schools?
Research Hypotheses
- School-based sexual health education has no significant impact on students' sexual health knowledge.
- Students who receive sexual health education are no more likely to adopt safe sexual behaviors than those who do not.
- The effectiveness of sexual health education programs is not influenced by social or cultural factors.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on secondary school students in Benue State and evaluates the impact of sexual health education on their knowledge and behaviors. Limitations include potential biases in self-reported data and variations in the quality of the education provided across schools.
Definitions of Terms
- Sexual Health Education: Instruction provided to adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health, including topics like contraception, STIs, and healthy relationships.
- Teenage Pregnancy: Pregnancy occurring in young women aged 13–19 years.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections transmitted through sexual contact, including HIV, syphilis, and gonorrhea.
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